Agriculture, also called farming or husbandry, is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel, drugs and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. Thehistory of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly differentclimates,
cultures, and technologies. However, all farming generally relies on
techniques to expand and maintain the lands that are suitable for
raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some
form of irrigation, although there are methods of drylan farming. livestock
is raised in a combination of grassland-based and landless systems, in
an industry that covers almost one-third of the world's ice- and
water-free area. In the developed world,industrial agriculture based on large-scalemonoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming, although there is growing support for sustainable agriculture including permaculture and prganic agriculture.